Human Rights Reports

Oxfam : A Human Rights Impact Assessment of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline

When commercial deposits of oil were discovered under Uganda’s Lake Albert in 2006, the region was quickly transformed into one of the world’s top exploration hotspots. More than a decade later, however, oil production has yet to commence. A significant barrier to the commercialization of these deposits is their remote, inland location and the need for an export pipeline to transport the crude oil to the coast and onward to international markets. After years of negotiating, the governments of Uganda and Tanzania finalized an agreement in 2017 to build the East African Crude Oil pipeline (EACOP), with French energy company Total1 as the lead developer of the project. The final investment decision should be made in 2020, with pipeline construction starting in March 2021.At a distance of 1,440 kilometers (900 miles) and at an estimated cost of $3.5 billion, the EACOP would be one of the largest infrastructure projects in East Africa and the longest heated oil pipeline in the world. The pipeline would transport oil from a pumping station near Hoima, Uganda, to a storage terminal near the city of Tanga, on the northeastern coast of Tanzania. The route would run beside Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest lake, and pass through diverse ecosystems and human settlements.Empty Promises Down the Line? highlights the risks of the EACOP for communities located along the proposed pipeline corridor in Uganda and Tanzania. Researched and produced by Global Rights Alert (GRA), the Civic Response on Environment and Development (CRED), the Northern Coalition for Extractives and Environment (NCEE), and Oxfam, the report seeks to identify and document the actual and potential human rights implications of this major infrastructure project from a community perspective. The report also provides recommendations to the governments and companies involved about how to mitigate the adverse impacts, defend human rights, and promote inclusiveness, transparency, and accountability. Read More

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Judge Nyalalis Report.

On February, 27 1991 the then President of the United Republic of Tanzania, His Excellency AL HAJ ALI HASSAN MWINY1 appointed a Presidential Commission on Mono Party or MultiParty System. The Commission, composed of eminent and distinguished personalities in the United Republic of Tanzania, was headed by His Lordship Francis Lucas Nyalali the Chief Justice of the United Republic of Tanzania. It submitted its Report on 17lh February, 1992. After recommending changes in both Constitutions, the Commission set upon itself to "recommend changes which are required in the laws of the two Governments" because of the fact that "those laws either remove from the people' their freedom and basis rights or at times impinge on the freedom of the people's rights". A set of forty (40) laws were further identified to be of "oppressive nature" and were considered unconstitutional and in some cases outdated. The Commission recommended that either the Attorney General's Chambers or the law Reform Commission of Tanzania should examine those legislations with a view to recommending repeal or amendment as appropriate. It is from the above premise that the Law Reform Commission of Tanzania undertook the STUDY, the subject of this Report sometime in 1993. In November 1993 the Commission submitted its initial recommendations to the Government on the designated legislations. The Commission has now accomplished the task assigned to it. The Research on he project has been arduous, time consuming due its importance, complexity and controversy. The Commission made extensive Consultations by way of a Workshop in Dar es Salaam and public meetings throughout the Mainland Tanzania. In accordance with section 14(1) of the Law Reform Commission of Tanzania Act, 1980, we have the honor to submit the final Report on the Designated Legislations in the Nyalali Commission Report.

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TANZANIA 2022 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The United Republic of Tanzania is a multiparty republic consisting of the mainland region and the semiautonomous Zanzibar archipelago, whose main islands are Unguja (Zanzibar Island) and Pemba. The union is headed by a president, who is also the head of government. Its unicameral legislative body is the National Assembly (parliament). Zanzibar, although part of the union, exercises considerable autonomy and has its own government with a president, court system, and legislature. In 2020 the country held its sixth multiparty general election, resulting in the reelection of the union president, John Magufuli, with 85 percent of the vote, and the election of Hussein Mwinyi, with 76 percent of the vote for his first term as president of Zanzibar. International observers noted widespread irregularities and largely categorized the election as neither free nor fair. In March 2021, Vice President Samia Suluhu Hassan was sworn in as the country’s first woman president following the death of President Magufuli.Under the union’s Ministry of Home Affairs, the Tanzania Police Force has primary responsibility for maintaining law and order. The Field Force Unit, a special police division, has primary responsibility for controlling unlawful demonstrations and riots. The Tanzania People’s Defence Forces include the army, navy, air force, and National Services. The defense forces also have some domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Defence and National Service. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. There were reports that members of domestic security forces committed numerous abuses.Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: unlawful or arbitrary killings, including extrajudicial killings; torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment by the government or on behalf of the government; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest or detention; political prisoners or detainees; serious problems with the independence of the judiciary; arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy; serious restrictions on free expression and media, including unjustified arrests or prosecutions of journalists, censorship, and enforcement of criminal libel laws; serious restrictions on internet freedom; substantial interference with the freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association, including overly restrictive laws on the organization, funding, or operations of nongovernmental organizations and civil society organizations; refoulement of refugees to a country where they would face a threat to their life or freedom or other mistreatment of refugees that would constitute a separate human rights abuse; inability of citizens to change their government peacefully through free and fair elections; serious and unreasonable restrictions on political participation; serious government corruption; lack of investigation of and accountability for gender-based violence, including domestic or intimate partner violence, sexual violence, child, early, and forced marriage, female genital mutilation/cutting, and other forms of such violence; sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers; crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting persons with disabilities, members of national/racial/ethnic minorities, or Indigenous people; crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or intersex persons; and existence and enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual conduct between adults. In some cases the government took steps to investigate and prosecute officials who committed human rights abuses or were involved in corruption, but impunity in police and other security forces and civilian branches of government was widespread.There were isolated reports of abuses by peacekeepers and authorities took steps to identify and investigate officials who committed alleged abuses.Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Persona.Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or PoliticallyMotivated KillingsThere were several reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings, most often at the hands of police or prison guards. The Tanzania Police Force was primarily responsible for investigating whether security force killings were justifiable and pursuing prosecutions. Members of marginalized racial and ethnic communities were not disproportionately impacted or overrepresented among victims of abuse. In January a businessman and resident of Mtwara region, Mussa Hamisi, was allegedly beaten to death by police officers after they seized more than 33 million Tanzanian shillings ($14,300) from him. Following an investigation, seven police officers, who were allegedly involved, were arrested, court martialed, terminated from the police force, and arraigned in Mtwara Residents’ Magistrate Court pending prosecution. The implicated former officers were Superintendent of Police Gilbert Kalanje, Officer Commanding Criminal Investigation Department in the Mtwara Police District, two of his subordinate investigators Inspector John Msuya Mganga and Inspector Shirazi Mkupa, Assistant Superintendent of Police Charles Onyango, Officer Commanding Station in the Mtwara Police District, Assistant Superintendent of Police Nicholaus Kisinza, Assistant Inspector Marco Mbuta, the head of the Mtwara Police Medical Unit, and his subordinate Corporal Salimu Juma Mbalu (see also section 1.g., Conflict-related Abuses, Killings).b.DisappearanceIn contrast with 2021, there were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities.c.Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment orPunishment, and Other Related AbusesThe constitution prohibits such practices; however, the law does not reflect this constitutional restriction nor define torture. There were reports that police officers, prison guards, and soldiers abused, threatened, or otherwise mistreated civilians, suspected criminals, and prisoners. These abuses often involved beatings. In June, Acting Regional Police Commander Mairi Mikori confirmed that Mwanza police detained one of its officers for allegedly brutally beating a student at Saint Augustine University. On May 16, Warren Lyimo was arrested by police after being accused of stealing a laptop from a family member. Police transferred Lyimo to Buhongwa police station where he was allegedly beaten and later admitted to Bugando Zonal Referral Hospital intensive care unit with severe injuries. Mikori said an investigation was ongoing. The law allows caning. Local government officials and courts occasionally used caning as a punishment for both juvenile and adult offenders. Caning and other corporal punishments were also used routinely in schools (see also section 1.g., Conflict-related Abuses, Physical Abuse, Punishment, and Torture).

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OLOLOSOKWAN  VILLAGE COUNCIL AND 3 OTHERS Vs. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF UNITED REPUBLICOF TANZANIA: RE NO.10 OF 2017: THE LOLIONDO CASE.

The Applicants alleged that they are legally registered villages created by Statute. That land was set aside, clearly demarcated and ownership titles granted which identified the boundaries of each Applicant’s land holding that borders the Serengeti National Park. That in complete contravention and violation of the Tanzania Constitution, Village Land Act 1999 and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2009, the Respondent has embarked on forceful evictions of the Applicant’s residents and their livestock from the area demarcated. The Applicants allege that the acts, omissions and conduct of the Respondent are in violation of the Statute and the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community.

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Mchakato Wa Kutatua Mgogoro Wa Ngorongoro

Taarifa hii imetokana na mchakato na maamuzi ya wananchi kupitia viongozi wao wa kisiasa na kimila chini uratibu wa Mbunge wa Wilaya ya Ngorongoro kutafuta nia ya kuendeleza majadialiano na serikali na mamlaka zake za hifadhi ili kutafuta muafaka wa kutatua mgogoro huu uliodumu zaidi ya miongo mitatu (3).

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TUNA SHERIA ZINAZO KINZANA NA HAKI ZA BINADAMU NA MAENDELEO .

Haki za Binadamu ni misingi, nyenzo ama nguzo ya maadili inayotakiwa kutumika kwa manufaa ya binadamu wote duniani na kwa usawa. Kifungu cha kwanza cha mkataba wa haki za binadamu wa mwaka 1948 umeainisha “Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu” Tanzania ina historia ya kipekee katika utekelezaji wa haki za binadamu toka tumepata uhuru mwaka 1961 Mpaka hivi sasa, Katiba ya kwanza ya uhuru ya mwaka 1961 haiku orodhesha haki za binadamu kwa mantiki hiyo hakukuwa na nia dhamiri kwenye ulinzi wa haki za binadamu. Hata hivyo kulikuwa na sababu mbalimbali zilizokuwa zikitolewa na serikali zikiwemo, kwa kuwa tulikuwa tumetoka katika utawala wa kikoloni ilitupasa tujenge uchumi kwanza kisha baadae ndio tuimngize haki hizo katika katiba yetu. Kutokuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu katika katiba ya mwaka 1961 serikali pia ilihofia mkanganyiko wa kisiasa ambao ungetokea baina ya mihimili ya serikali, yaani kati ya ule unaotengenza sheria (Bunge) na ule unao tafsiri sheria (Mahakama), kwani sheria mbazo zingekwenda kinyume na haki za binadamu zinge batilishwa. Kucheleweshwa kuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu katika katiba pia kulichagizwa na kukosekana kwa upinzani wa kutosha wenye kuhamasisha serikali kuingiza haki hizo kwenye Katiba ya nchi. Kuchelewesha kuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu katika katiba ya nchi ilipelekea kutengenezwa kwa sheria mbalimbali ambazo zilikuwa zinapoka haki za binadamu mfano, Preventive Detention Act, 1962 (No. 60 of 1962) na Deportation Act Kuchelewesha kuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu pia kuli pelekea uvunjifu mkubwa wa haki za binadamu hivyo kupelekea wananchi wengi kwenda kudai haki zao katika mahakama, Hata hivyo mahakama hazikuwa na msaada kwani utekelezaji haki za binadamu haukuwa umeainishwa na Katiba ya nchi bali zilikuwa zimetajwa tu katika utangulizi wa katiba. Kutokana na kutokuingizwa haki za binadamu katika Katiba Uvunjifu wa haki za binadamu ulipitiliza ikapelekea wasomi mbalimbali, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali na wanaharakati kuanza kuhamasisha uingizwaji wa haki za binadamu katika katiba ya nchi, hata hivyo serikali ilipata shinikizo kubwa kutoka mataifa mbalimbali na msukumo uliokuja baada ya Tanzania kutia saini mkataba wa haki za binadamu wa mwaka 1948. Katiba ya uhuru ya mwaka 1961 hai kuingiza haki za binadamu, Katiba ya jamhuri ya mwaka 1962 pia hai kuingiza haki hizo, vile vile katiba ya mpito ya muungano ya mwaka 1964 na ya mwaka 1965 zote hazikuingiza haki za binadamu na hatimaye ni marekebisho ya katiba ya Jamhuri ya muungano wa Tanzania ya mwaka 1977 yaliyofanyika mwaka 1984 ndiyo yaliingiza Haki za binadamu katika Katiba. Sheria ya mabadiliko ya katiba ilitoa kipindi cha neema cha miaka mitatu kabla ya utekelezaji wa haki hizo, ilitegemewa katika kipindi hiki serikali ingekaa kuangalia kama kuna sheria yoyote inayokinzana na haki za binadamu zingerekebishwa na kuondolewa kabisa lakini haikua hivyo sheria ziliendelea kuwepo. Licha ya Katiba ya mwaka 1977 kuweka haki za binadamu, toka zilipoanza kutekelezwa mwaka 1986 bado imeonekana kuna mapungufu makubwa katika haki hizo kama zilivyoainishwa katika Ibara ya 12 mpaka ya 32 ya Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, hili limedhihirishwa na kuwepo na sheria nyingi zinazokinzana na haki za binadamu pamoja na kuwepo na uvunjifu mkubwa wa haki hizo. Moja ya pungufu kubwa lililopo katika haki za binadamu kama ilivyo ainishwa na Katiba ni kuto kuwepo kwa baadhi ya haki za msingi za binadamu, mfano Haki ya Elimu, Haki ya uraia, Haki ya mtuhumiwa na mfungwa, Haki za wafanyakazi na waajiri pamoja na Haki ya makundi maalum. Kuto Kuwepo kwa haki hizi kunacha giza kukosekana kwa utekelezaji wake. Baadhi ya haki za binadamu zilizoainishwa katika katiba zimewekewa mipaka katika utekelezaji wake, mipaka hii inaondoa moja kwa moja uhalali wa mwananchi kufurahia haki kama zilivyoainishwa katika katiba, mfano Ibara ya 12-29 imeainisha  haki za binadamu, Lakini ibara ya 30 ya katiba hiyohiyo imeipa serikali nguvu ya kutunga sheria zinazopoka haki hizo. Kuwekwa mipaka katika utekelezaji wa haki za binadamu unapelekea serikali kutunga sheria mbalimbali zinazikinzana na haki za binadamu, na mipaka hii inaondoa uhalali la katiba kuwa na nguvu kuliko sheria ndogo ndogo zinazotolewa na serikali kupitia bunge. Siku za karibuni kume kuwa  na utengenezaji sheria mbalimbali zinazokinzana na haki za binadamu kwa mujibu wa katiba  na sheria hizo zimekuwa zikiendelea na uharamu wake kutokana na udhaifu uliopo katika katiba ya jamhuri wa muungano wa Tanzania 1977, Mfano Sheria ya Takwimu Na.9 ya Mwaka 2015 ambayo inazuia uhuru wa kujieleza kama ilivyo ainishwa katika ibara ya 18 ya katiba. Hivyo basi kunahitajika mabadiliko makubwa ya katiba ili kuondoa changamoto na kurekebisha mapungufu yaliyopo katika haki za binadamu kama zilivyo ainishwa katika katiba ya jamhuri ya Tanzania.

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Haki za Binadamu ni misingi, nyenzo ama nguzo ya maadili inayotakiwa kutumika kwa manufaa
ya binadamu wote duniani na kwa usawa

Haki za Binadamu ni misingi, nyenzo ama nguzo ya maadili inayotakiwa kutumika kwa manufaa ya binadamu wote duniani na kwa usawa. Kifungu cha kwanza cha mkataba wa haki za binadamu wa mwaka 1948 umeainisha “Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu” Tanzania ina historia ya kipekee katika utekelezaji wa haki za binadamu toka tumepata uhuru mwaka 1961 Mpaka hivi sasa, Katiba ya kwanza ya uhuru ya mwaka 1961 haiku orodhesha haki za binadamu kwa mantiki hiyo hakukuwa na nia dhamiri kwenye ulinzi wa haki za binadamu. Hata hivyo kulikuwa na sababu mbalimbali zilizokuwa zikitolewa na serikali zikiwemo, kwa kuwa tulikuwa tumetoka katika utawala wa kikoloni ilitupasa tujenge uchumi kwanza kisha baadae ndio tuimngize haki hizo katika katiba yetu. Kutokuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu katika katiba ya mwaka 1961 serikali pia ilihofia mkanganyiko wa kisiasa ambao ungetokea baina ya mihimili ya serikali, yaani kati ya ule unaotengenza sheria (Bunge) na ule unao tafsiri sheria (Mahakama), kwani sheria mbazo zingekwenda kinyume na haki za binadamu zinge batilishwa. Kucheleweshwa kuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu katika katiba pia kulichagizwa na kukosekana kwa upinzani wa kutosha wenye kuhamasisha serikali kuingiza haki hizo kwenye Katiba ya nchi. Kuchelewesha kuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu katika katiba ya nchi ilipelekea kutengenezwa kwa sheria mbalimbali ambazo zilikuwa zinapoka haki za binadamu mfano, Preventive Detention Act, 1962 (No. 60 of 1962) na Deportation Act Kuchelewesha kuingizwa kwa haki za binadamu pia kuli pelekea uvunjifu mkubwa wa haki za binadamu hivyo kupelekea wananchi wengi kwenda kudai haki zao katika mahakama, Hata hivyo mahakama hazikuwa na msaada kwani utekelezaji haki za binadamu haukuwa umeainishwa na Katiba ya nchi bali zilikuwa zimetajwa tu katika utangulizi wa katiba. Kutokana na kutokuingizwa haki za binadamu katika Katiba Uvunjifu wa haki za binadamu ulipitiliza ikapelekea wasomi mbalimbali, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali na wanaharakati kuanza kuhamasisha uingizwaji wa haki za binadamu katika katiba ya nchi, hata hivyo serikali ilipata shinikizo kubwa kutoka mataifa mbalimbali na msukumo uliokuja baada ya Tanzania kutia saini mkataba wa haki za binadamu wa mwaka 1948. Katiba ya uhuru ya mwaka 1961 hai kuingiza haki za binadamu, Katiba ya jamhuri ya mwaka 1962 pia hai kuingiza haki hizo, vile vile katiba ya mpito ya muungano ya mwaka 1964 na ya mwaka 1965 zote hazikuingiza haki za binadamu na hatimaye ni marekebisho ya katiba ya Jamhuri ya muungano wa Tanzania ya mwaka 1977 yaliyofanyika mwaka 1984 ndiyo yaliingiza Haki za binadamu katika Katiba. Sheria ya mabadiliko ya katiba ilitoa kipindi cha neema cha miaka mitatu kabla ya utekelezaji wa haki hizo, ilitegemewa katika kipindi hiki serikali ingekaa kuangalia kama kuna sheria yoyote inayokinzana na haki za binadamu zingerekebishwa na kuondolewa kabisa lakini haikua hivyo sheria ziliendelea kuwepo. Licha ya Katiba ya mwaka 1977 kuweka haki za binadamu, toka zilipoanza kutekelezwa mwaka 1986 bado imeonekana kuna mapungufu makubwa katika haki hizo kama zilivyoainishwa katika Ibara ya 12 mpaka ya 32 ya Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, hili limedhihirishwa na kuwepo na sheria nyingi zinazokinzana na haki za binadamu pamoja na kuwepo na uvunjifu mkubwa wa haki hizo. Moja ya pungufu kubwa lililopo katika haki za binadamu kama ilivyo ainishwa na Katiba ni kuto kuwepo kwa baadhi ya haki za msingi za binadamu, mfano Haki ya Elimu, Haki ya uraia, Haki ya mtuhumiwa na mfungwa, Haki za wafanyakazi na waajiri pamoja na Haki ya makundi maalum. Kuto Kuwepo kwa haki hizi kunacha giza kukosekana kwa utekelezaji wake. Baadhi ya haki za binadamu zilizoainishwa katika katiba zimewekewa mipaka katika utekelezaji wake, mipaka hii inaondoa moja kwa moja uhalali wa mwananchi kufurahia haki kama zilivyoainishwa katika katiba, mfano Ibara ya 12-29 imeainisha  haki za binadamu, Lakini ibara ya 30 ya katiba hiyohiyo imeipa serikali nguvu ya kutunga sheria zinazopoka haki hizo. Kuwekwa mipaka katika utekelezaji wa haki za binadamu unapelekea serikali kutunga sheria mbalimbali zinazikinzana na haki za binadamu, na mipaka hii inaondoa uhalali la katiba kuwa na nguvu kuliko sheria ndogo ndogo zinazotolewa na serikali kupitia bunge. Siku za karibuni kume kuwa  na utengenezaji sheria mbalimbali zinazokinzana na haki za binadamu kwa mujibu wa katiba  na sheria hizo zimekuwa zikiendelea na uharamu wake kutokana na udhaifu uliopo katika katiba ya jamhuri wa muungano wa Tanzania 1977, Mfano Sheria ya Takwimu Na.9 ya Mwaka 2015 ambayo inazuia uhuru wa kujieleza kama ilivyo ainishwa katika ibara ya 18 ya katiba. Hivyo basi kunahitajika mabadiliko makubwa ya katiba ili kuondoa changamoto na kurekebisha mapungufu yaliyopo katika haki za binadamu kama zilivyo ainishwa katika katiba ya jamhuri ya Tanzania.

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We conducted different campaigns depending on the problem in order to find a solution and make the situation clear to the community – CHANGE TANZANIA ADVOCACY REPORT- 2021

There have been various problems in our country including arbitrary arrests, violations of the constitution and the existence of a constitution that gives great power to the leaders and does not match the current environment, the problem of the deadly Corona disease where the authorities and the government as a whole prohibit the generally refuse to provide information on the state of infection as well as the problem of the non-free and fair elections of October 25 which were riddled with evil, murder, human rights abuses and looting. Due to these problems. The advocacy department conducted several different campaigns depending on the problem in order to find a solution and make the situation clear to the community. The following are the problems and campaigns on the relevant problem. ARBITRARY ARREST Arbitrary detention is unlawful detention which occurs when an individual is arrested and detained by a government without due process and without the legal protections of a fair trial, or when an individual is detained without any legal basis for the deprivation of liberty. It is a tactic used by governments to suppress dissent. Freedom from arbitrary detention is a fundamental right enshrined in Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Tanzania went to the polls in a climate of heavy oppression of dissent. Before, during and after the elections, security forces have used excessive force to disperse peaceful assemblies. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights commits Tanzania as a state party to ensure that freedom of assembly as a right does not require prior authorisation from the state. On the response to the problem, CHTZ decided to conduct  various campaigns with various hashtags on the rescues of various citizens who are politicians like Mdude Chadema, Journalists like Erick Kabendera,  human right defenders such as Tito Magoti, Theodore Gian and UAMSHO and various  civilians who likely seemed to go against the governments. Various campaigns with their hashtags conducted by CHTZ are as follows;- #FreeTitoMagoti #FreeTheo:  This was a campaign aimed at demanding the government of Tanzania under DPP to free Tito Magoti and Theo Giyan or accomplish investigation following one year of failing to accomplish investigation. This campaign started early in December 2020. Campaign purpose To make citizens aware of what is exactly going on in their country and largely create awareness, influence and bring changes.  How the campaign was conducted  The campaign was conducted through online advocacy by the use of social media platforms including Instagram, Twitter and Facebook by informing the public of the incidents, and what the law says about the arrest of the perpetrators. Citizens engagements Various people supported the campaign by  sharing on social media and appear unhappy with the way these people were arrested and the whole scenario. Government Reactions  #FreeTitoMagoti #FreeTheo: After the government detained Tito Magoti and Theodore Giyan for more than a year without completing the investigation, their case was postponed 26 times before entering into the plea bargaining on 5th January 2021. Tito Magoti and Theodory Giyani agreed to pay TZS 17,000,000 for their release. The outcome of the Campaign On January 05, Tito Magoti and Theo Giyan released as the result of our campaign on which the government of Tanzania ordered them to pay 17 Tsh Millions. https://twitter.com/humanrightstz/status/1346432512789106689?s=20, In September 2020, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (UNWGAD) issued a decision in the case of detained Tanzania human rights lawyer, Tito Magoti. The UNWGAD held that the fair trial violations in Mr. Magoti's case was of such gravity to give his pre-trial detention an arbitrary character https://www.americanbar.org/groups/human_rights/reports/tanzania--u-n-working-group-on-arbitrary-detention-issues-decisi/. #JusticeForUamsho: This campaign based on The Association for Islamic Mobilisation and Propagation aiming to demand the government of Tanzania to ensure justice among the Islamist group which was detained since 2012. Campaign purpose To make citizens aware of what is exactly going on in their country and influence citizens to take action in creating a change, by demanding justice for UAMSHO as well as to request the government to take them back to Zanzibar where the situation happened, but also request that the investigation gets to be answered quickly because they have been in prisons for a long time without bail and we also need them to be released. How the campaign was conducted The campaign was conducted through online advocacy through social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook by informing the public of the incident, and what the law says about the arrest of the perpetrators. Citizens engagements Various people supported the campaign by  sharing on social media and appear unhappy with the way these people were arrested and the whole scenario. Government Reactions  #JusticeForUamsho:  There is no government reaction on this concern for  UAMSHO  #JusticeforZaraKay:  This is a campaign launched after activist Zara Kay, an Australian citizen, was arrested, detained by the Tanzanian government and then interrogated on various charges including possession of an unregistered telephone line in her name, criticizing President Magufuli over his government's response to the Corona tragedy. The Tanzanian government confiscated his passport and barred him from Tanzania. The campaign aims to persuade the Tanzanian government to return her passport, drop off all charges and allow her to leave the country. Campaign purpose The purpose of the campaign is to demand justice for Zarakay and the government to drop her charges, return back her passport and all properties that belong to her that were confiscated during arrest and interrogation and allow her to leave the country free  to Australia (Her home).   How the campaign was conducted The campaign is conducted through online social media platforms(Twitter, Instagram and Facebook)  aiming at the government of Tanzania and other people to see the unjust done by the government and international Organization and embassies such as foreigners affairs including Australian  embassies to intervene on Zara's matter. Citizens engagements Various people (Local and international supported the campaign by  sharing on social media under the hashtag #FreeZaraKay and #JusticeForZaraKay.  Government Reactions #WahangaWaSiasaTz: This campaign based on citizens, opposition followers and opposition leaders who had been affected by Tanzania October General Election 2020 including being killed, tortured, humiliated, jailed or being detained and charged with various cases. This campaign aimed at creating awareness among the citizens of what happened during the General Election in October and demanding the government of Tanzania to release the detainee. Campaign purpose To make citizens aware of what is exactly going on in their country and largely create awareness, influence and  bring changes and to ensure true democracy in practice and to respect the rights and freedoms of citizens. How the campaign was conducted The campaign was conducted through online advocacy through social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook by informing the public of the incident, and by reporting photographs of major victims and incidents during elections, beatings, killings and injuries as well as describing all incidents involving the circumstances in which they were abused, including their names, and the manner in which they were treated. Citizens engagements Various people supported the campaign by  sharing on social media and appear unhappy with the way these people were arrested and the whole scenario.Some members of other political parties planned to hold a nationwide protest against the election violence and protest the results of the October 25, 2020 general elections. Government Reactions  #WahangaWaSiasaTz:The government announced publicly through the authorities which deals with security of the people and the country as a whole by saying that anyone who dares to protest will be badly injured by the police force and also arrested all those who expressed their dissatisfaction with the election and its results. The outcome of the Campaign The Government of Tanzania started granting bail to some of the opposition leaders who were detained as the result of the October 28, 2020, General election. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/19-chadema-supporters-granted-bail-in-arusha-324412014 Chadema members of Tarime rural constituency arrested 05.10.2020 in the stronghold of John Heche and charged with armed robbery after 105 days in prison, today 18.01.2021 with great legal assistance from a learned lawyer Heche Edward charges have been dropped. https://twitter.com/CatherineRuge/status/1351148106990161932?s=20  #DemokrasiaYetu:  The aim of this campaign is to call on the international and regional community to intervene in the demolition of democracy in Tanzania by the authorities, including the crackdown on civil society, the arrest and detention of opposition leaders and supporters as well as the suppression of the media in Tanzania. This is a campaign that camef as the continuation to protect and revitalize democracy in Tanzania. This campaign was extended following questions asked by the European Parliament explaining the state of democracy in Tanzania and its relations with the European Union towards the promotion of democracy in the country. Campaign purpose. To call  the international and regional community to intervene in the demolition of democracy in Tanzania by the authorities, including the crackdown on civil society, the arrest and detention of opposition leaders and supporters as well as the suppression of the media in Tanzania. Further, the campaign aims at educating people about knowing the importance of having democratic states.  The outcome of The Campaign. The United States of America department sanctioned those who intervened in the Tanzania October Election as well  those who are cracking down Human  rights in Tanzania. The United States of America imposed visa restrictions on those responsible for, or complicit in, undermining the democratic process in Tanzania. https://twitter.com/statedeptspox/status/1351552322376249347?s=20 Various international bodies issued a statement condemning human violation and democracy in Tanzania. For instance,  Foreign Minister Ann Linde worries Tanzania on decline of Democracy, human rights, good governance and rule of laws following rigging and fraud in Tanzania General election in Tanzania, she said so when responding the question asked by Magdalena Schröder https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svar-pa-skriftlig-fraga/utvecklingen-i-tanzania_H812359, , The US State Department has called on authorities in Tanzania to investigate allegations of irregularities and violence https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/US-State-Department-calls-for-investigation-into-poll/1840340-5638052-12tmoowz/index.html, The US State Department has called on authorities in Tanzania to investigate allegations of irregularities and violence by security forces and ensure that all political actors have access to legal institutions to peacefully address electoral disputes. They have further called on restraint by all parties and peaceful resolution of any dispute https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/US-State-Department-calls-for-investigation-into-poll/1840340-5638052-12tmoowz/index.htmll,  3. GOOD GOVERNANCE The Government of Tanzania has made a commitment, both to its people and to the international community, to improve democratic governance. Even though Tanzania still ranks above neighbouring countries in terms of transparency, accountability, and civil rights, rapid democratic declines in recent years pose an ongoing concern. Good governance in Tanzania is constrained by an increasingly powerful executive branch, closing civic space, violations of human rights,  lack of political competition, a still-emerging civil society, limited government capacity, low public accountability, and barriers to accessing information. Women and youth are particularly disadvantaged in these areas. Thus, various stakeholders like human right defenders, politicians, CSOs and other prominent individuals employed a variety of mechanisms to advance rights issues, including strategic litigation, productive engagement of government decision-makers, and participation in public consultation processes. CHTZ as one of the online platforms has decided to make a contribution on highlighting Tanzania governance by using different speeches of prominent people through social media platforms with different hashtags sharing with people for the lightness and awareness as follows;-  #HekimaZaBagonza: Words of wisdom from Religious Leader Arch Bishop Benson Bagonza on Human Rights, rule of law and Good Governance. The document originated from his official Facebook account #JikingeWakingeWengine #CoronaInazuilika: This campaign aimed at providing Covid-19 preventative education to the citizens through social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook. The campaign was conducted due to The president of Magufuli spreading misinformation & wild conspiracy theories that put Tanzanian lives at risk. It is the responsibility of the Tanzania government to take a precaution on whatsoever  may threaten the citizens instead of being part of the problem by giving citizens hopes by going against the science, For instance Maguful gave a statement saying "We have lived for over one year without the virus because our God is able & Satan will always fail." Also following the denial of press freedom media are not providing any kind of information on fear of the government reaction which may lead to the shut down of media, thus citizens fail to get enough information which may help them to understand the real situation within the country and stay blindly fools.  Campaign purpose. To make citizens aware of what is exactly going on in their country and largely create awareness and to  educate the public about the presence of Corona disease and how to take precautions. To inform them that the disease is still present and fatal so they should take all precautions to protect themselves from the spread of the disease and not to ignore it on the grounds that the government does not recognize the presence of such disease. How was the campaign conducted The campaign was conducted through online advocacy through social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook by informing the public t, and what should be done to protect ourselves from covid-19.about the presence of Corona disease in the country and how people are dying from this disease by not taking precautions. Citizens engagements Various people supported the campaign by  sharing on social media, mobilizing the community to take precautions against the Corona epidemic, as well as religious leaders issued a document stating that they were aware of the presence of Corona in the country and thus encouraging citizens to take precautions against Corona infection without waiting for a government declaration. https://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-55816070 Government reaction to the campaign The Tanzanian government has shown a reaction on the campaign and  how to handle the covid19 pandemic in  two way, in negative ways and positive way:  NEGATIVE REACTION ON THE CAMPAIGN Towards handling Covid 19 Tanzania government under President Magufuli on January 28, 2021, while addressing the mass when launching Forest in Chato expressed doubt on Coronavirus Vaccine. Mr President was quoted saying that “You should stand firm. Vaccinations are dangerous. If the white man was able to come up with vaccinations, he should have found a vaccination for Aids by now; he would have found a vaccination of tuberculosis by now; he would have found a vaccination for malaria by now; he would have found a vaccination for cancer by now,”. President Magufuli warns Tanzanians against Covid-19 vaccines: https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/27/president-magufuli-warns-tanzanians-against-covid-19-vaccines/   This statement hinders to a large extent  the campaign to fight against CoronaVirus worldwide and in Tanzania in particular. On the other hand, Moshi Lord Mayor Mr Juma Rabiu Juma ordered the participant member who attended the council to take off the mask which claimed that wearing a mask threatened normal citizens that there is Covid 19 in Moshi municipality. Moshi Mayor orders those wearing face masks to take them of https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/moshi-mayor-orders-those-wearing-face-masks-to-take-them-off-3271990   POSITIVE REACTION TO THE COVID 19: On the positive side on Tanzania handling Coronavirus in Tanzania some government officials  have yelled to people particularly to government officials to take all measures to protect themselves from Coronavirus infection. Tanzania Minister of Finance and Planning Dr. Philipo Mpango was quoted by the media telling public officials from the Ministry of Finance to take all precautionary measures to protect themselves from Coronavirus.  Dk Mpango ataka watumishi fedha kujihadhari na corona https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/dk-mpango-ataka-watumishi-fedha-kujihadhari-na-corona-3269492 . On January 29 Tanzania government spokesman  Dr Abas Hassan has said that Tanzania government take all measures to combat and protect against coroana virus on which claimed that the government was used to prepare guidelines and Covid 19 protocol  to protect from coronavirus and those guideline is still useful and government of Tanzania did not take down those guideline. Mr Abbas added that the tendency of washing hands does not need people to be forced.  Dkt Abbas:Tanzania inazingatia tahadhari dhidi ya corona: https://t.co/Vy1kYyXQC2?amp=1  Citizens reactions       The outcome of The Campaign. Following the #JikingeWakingeWengine Campaign Minister of Finance and Planning Dr Mpango has urged staff in the finance ministry to protect themselves from the corona epidemic. https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/dk-mpango-ataka-watumishi-fedha-kujihadhari-na-corona-3269492  Dr Matshidiso Moeti World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Director for Africa  Urged  Tanzania to ramp up public health measures such as wearing masks to fight #COVID19. https://twitter.com/MoetiTshidi/status/1354717233155624963?s=20 .  On which Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus joined with Dr Matshidiso Moeti’s call for strong health measures and #COVID19 vaccine preparedness. Dr Tedros stressed on  Data-sharing by #Tanzania, with cases surfacing among travellers and visitors over the months. https://twitter.com/DrTedros/status/1354720400454909953?s=20  3. BREACH OF CONSTITUTION Constitutionality is a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. Thus, everyone actions are governed by the national constitution and responsible to adhere with the rules, principles and regulations, and being against that is going against constitutional fundamental principles hence in on 4 November 2014 there was a call for the demand of the new constitution https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=5ef3c0ec-abdb-491e-b67e-3d501f9dd6f2 which will be based on the wishes of the people as to how they want to live (participatory constitution) and will address the problems relating to the Union. Thus, due to the increasingly level of constitution violations CHTZ decided to establish a campaign of the previous constitutional change movement so as the citizens to understand the highly need of the new constitution based on people's wishes and not government only through #KatibaMpya hashtag as follows;- #KatibaMpya: This campaign aimed at Demanding The New Constitution, the argument based on the Speech from the Chairman of The Committee of Constitution Hon Joseph Warioba, Former President of United Republic of Tanzania Hon Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete) and other prominent leaders. Campaign purpose. Reminding the fifth phase government and the people about the new constitution based on the new constitution draft written  during the fourth term of the retired President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete and the whole process of a new constitution that has not yet met the goals of the new constitution should be continued so that we can get a new constitution in which the people have participated in its development by making their recommendations.  How the campaign was conducted The campaign was conducted through online advocacy through social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook by posting how the whole process of demanding a new constitution began with some elements of the draft new constitution of 2015 which if  they will form  new constitution will bring  positive benefit for  the nation and the people at large and further it will build the foundations of a better democracy that respects human rights. The outcome of the campaign. After this two-week #KatibaMpya campaign, a debate has erupted among Tanzanians demanding a new constitution  starting from normal citizens, political leaders as well as  begin to be reported in the media. https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/madai-ya-katiba-mpya-yatawala-vinywa-vya-wapinzani-mwanzo-wa-2021-3263188Prof. Lipumba amueleza Rais Magufuli kuhusu Katiba Mpya | Wewe ulikuwa mjumbe, unaweza: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGjdyd7k0MY  4. INSPIRATIONAL Inspirational is a speech or statements of a  person or thing that motivates mentally or emotionally. Thus CHTZ collect various of quotes from different prominent people worldwide and share them through social media platforms with the #ChangeTanzania hashtag for monitivatinal, educating, and creating awareness. QUOTATIONS: A campaign based on former Prominent Leaders and Ancient, Medieval and contemporary Philosophers using their words of wisdom basing on Human Rights, good governance, rule of law as well as accountability. (Julius Kambarage Nyerere as the case study).

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